Author: Asia Nisar
Personality Disorder
Personality is a way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that
makes a person different from others. Experience, environment (environment,
living conditions), and genetic traits influence a person's personality.
However, a person's personality usually remains the same over time. A
personality disorder is a deviation of thoughts, emotions, and behavior from
cultural expectations that causes discomfort or functional problems that
persist over time.
There are ten specific types of personality disorders. Personality
disorders are chronic patterns of behavior and internal experience that vary
widely from expectations. Experience and behavioral patterns begin in late
adolescence or early adulthood and create discomfort or difficulty at work.
Without treatment, personality disorders can become chronic. Personality
disorders affect at least two of the following:
•
A way of thinking about yourself and others
•
A way of emotionally responding
•
Ways to connect with others
•
A way to control their behavior
The Three Clusters of Personality Disorder
Cluster A
The Odd, Eccentric Cluster Includes;
Paranoid Personality Disorder
PPD is the pattern of being suspicious of others and seeing them
as unkind or frightening. People with dementia often think that people are
hurting or being deceived, that they do not trust others or that they are close
to one another.
Symptoms
The following are the symptoms of paranoid personality disorder.
• Doubts about the promise, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others,
believe you are using or attracting others
• You are reluctant to trust others or disclose personal
information for fear of using the information against them
• They are extraordinary and merciful
• Feels negative and does not take criticism seriously
• Read the secrets and notes of innocent people or the appearance
of others on a daily basis
• Identify fights against their invisible behaviors; they are
often angry and quick to resist
• Frequent suspicion, for no apparent reason, that marriage mates
or lovers are not important
• They tend to be cold-tempered in their dealings with others, and
they can become warnings and envy
• They cannot see their work in trouble or conflict and believe it
is always good
• You have difficulty resting
• They are enemies, stubborn and controversial
Causes
The exact cause of PPD is not known, but it is likely to be a
combination of biological and psychological factors. The fact that PPD is often
associated with schizophrenia is closely related to the fact that there is a
genetic link between these two diseases. Childhood experiences, including
physical or emotional trauma, are also suspected of playing a role in the
development of PPD.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
They are being detached from social relationships and expressing
little emotion. A schizoid does not like relationships, prefers to be alone,
and seems to ignore the praise or criticism of others.
Symptoms
The following are the symptoms of schizoid personality disorder.
•
They do not want or have relationships, even with family members.
•
Select tasks and responsibilities individually.
•
They take pleasure in a few activities, including sexual
activity.
•
They do not have good friends, only high school students.
•
They have difficulties for others.
•
They do not think of praise or criticism.
•
They are aloof and show little emotion.
•
They may dream of spending a day and/or wondering in a difficult
life.
Causes
The root cause of schizophrenic fever in patients with severe
disease is unknown, but genetics and the environment are thought to play a
role. Some psychiatrists think that children who are not emotionally involved
can be in big trouble. The high risk of schizoid disease in the schizophrenia
family suggests that the genes involved in the disease may be beneficial.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Schizotypal personality is a pattern of feeling very
uncomfortable in close relationships with distorted eccentric thoughts and
behaviors. A person with schizophrenia may have strange opinions or strange or
strange behaviors, or speech, or may have too much social anxiety.
Symptoms
The following are the symptoms of
schizotypal personality disorder.
•
Loneliness and lack of close friends outside the family
•
Limited or inappropriate feelings or emotional reactions
•
Persistent and excessive social phobia
•
Misinterpretation of events, such as the feeling that something
harmless or non-aggressive has immediate personal significance.
•
Strange, eccentric or unusual thoughts, opinions, or habits
•
Doubtful or paranoid thoughts and persistent doubts about the
loyalty of others
•
Belief in Special Forces such as spiritual remote physics or
superstition
•
Unusual sensations, such as detecting the presence or absence of
an absent person
•
Dressing strangely, like being ugly or wearing matching clothes
• Strange idioms, such as vague or unusual speech patterns, or
strange wanderings during a conversation
Causes
Personality is a mixture of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
that makes you unique. It's how you see, understand, and relate to the world
around you, as well as how you see yourself. The form of personality in childhood
is formed by the interplay of hereditary tendencies and environmental factors.
In normal development, over time, children learn to communicate
appropriately with others, interpret social cues, and respond appropriately and
flexibly to social situations. What goes wrong in someone with schizophrenia is
not exactly known, but changes in brain function, genetics, environmental
impact, and learning behaviors are likely to play a role.
Cluster B
The Anxious, Fearful Cluster B includes;
Avoidant Personality Disorder
An avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of extreme
shyness, resentment, and extreme sensitivity to criticism. People who avoid
personality disorders may be willing to socialize with people unless they are
sure they like you are concerned about criticism or rejection or are seen as
not good enough or socially inept.
Symptoms
In people with the disorder, the fear of rejection is so strong
that they choose isolation over the risk of rejection in a relationship. The
patterns of behavior of people with this disorder can range from mild to
extreme. In addition to the fear of humiliation and rejection, people with this
disorder have other common symptoms:
•
They are overly sensitive and easily hurt by criticism or
disagreement.
•
They have few friends, and if they are not, they are reluctant
to connect with others unless they are sure they like it.
•
Provides anxiety (tension) and fear in social situations and
relationships and avoids activities or activities related to joining with
others.
•
They are often shy, clumsy, and degraded in social situations
for fear of problems or problems.
•
They often exaggerate potential problems.
•
Rarely try new things or take risks.
•
Have a weak self-image, feel inadequate, and have low self-esteem.
Causes
The exact cause of avoidable personality disorder is unknown.
However, genetics and the environment are thought to play a role. Genetic
disorders in families are thought to be avoidable because of the genes, but
this has not been proven. Environmental factors play an important role,
especially in childhood. Often, shyness is common in children and adolescents
in adults with avoidable personality disorders. People with the disease often
report previous parental or parental rejection, which can affect an
individual’s self-esteem and sense of value.
Dependent Personality Disorder
DPD is a pattern of behavior that requires preparation,
obedience, and connection. People with a dependent personality disorder may
find it difficult to make everyday decisions without the peace of mind of
others or maybe uncomfortable or helpless for fear of being alone. They think
they cannot take care of themselves alone.
Symptoms
People with a dependent
personality disorder may have some symptoms, including:
•
Avoid self-responsibility.
•
Difficult being alone.
•
Fear of being left alone and helpless at the end of a
relationship.
•
Be sensitive to criticism.
•
Pessimism and lack of self-confidence.
• Difficulty making everyday decisions.
Causes
Psychiatrists do not know the cause of DPD. They are thought to
stem from a combination of genetics, environment, and growth. Experts have
found that DPD is common in people with the following life experiences:
• Relationship Abuse: People with a history of
relationship abuse are at increased risk of developing DPD.
• Child Injury: Children who experience violence against children (such as
verbal abuse) or neglect can develop DPD. It can also affect people at risk of
living as children.
• Family history: Families with DPD or other stressors are more likely to have
DPD.
• Some cultural, religious, or
family ties: Some people may develop DPD due to a particular cultural
or religious belief in the law; but kindness and honesty alone is not a sign of
DPD.
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
An obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
is a pattern of determination, success, and control. A person
with a mental disorder may focus on details or schedules, overtime or lack of
time with friends, or may not be ethical and efficient. (This is not the same as
obsessive-compulsive disorder).
Symptoms
OCPD tags include:
•
Perfect for interrupting tasks
•
Serious, legal or serious conduct
•
Be brave with money
•
On-time
•
Stay tuned
•
Work-related stress on family or relationships
•
List of items that cannot or will not be used
•
Failed to teach or work for fear of failure
•
Edit contacts
•
follow strict rules and regulations
•
An overwhelming need for order
•
A sense of fairness in the process
•
A rigid adherence to moral and ethical codes
Causes
The cause of the OCPD is not yet known. Like many parts of OCPD,
the cause has not yet been identified. OCPD can be caused by a combination of
genetic and childhood experiences.
In some cases, adults may
remember to have OCPD from an early age. They may feel they have to be perfect,
or they may feel compliant. The need to follow the rules went into adulthood.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing a person requires a mental health professional to
review the procedure and symptoms over the long term. Research is usually done
on people aged 18 and over. The disease is often undiagnosed in people under
the age of 18 because their behavior is still developing. Some people with
personality problems don't know the problem. People may also have more than one
behavioral problem. It is estimated that 9% of adults in the United States have
at least one behavior problem.
Cluster C
The Dramatic, Unpredictable Cluster;
Antisocial Personality Disorder
It is characterized by a pattern of contempt or violation of the
rights of others. People with antisocial personality disorder are unable to
conform to social norms, repeatedly lie or deceive others, or act impulsively.
Symptoms
Symptoms of antisocial personality
disorder include:
•
Right and wrong
•
Lying or continuing to cheat to abuse others
•
Strict, suspicious, rude
•
Use your charm and intelligence to manipulate others for
personal gain and pleasure
•
Arrogant, superior, extreme opinions
•
Repeated offenses, including criminal activity
•
Repeated violations of the rights of others through intimidation
or dishonesty
•
Repeated problems with the law, including criminal behavior
•
Repeatedly violating the rights of others through threats and
dishonesty
•
Impulsiveness or inability to plan ahead
•
Hatred, irritability, agitation, aggression, or violence
•
Lack of compassion for others and lack of penance to hurt others
•
Unnecessary risks or dangerous behaviors, regardless of one's
own safety or the safety of others
•
Poor or abusive relationships
•
Inability to learn from them
• Being constantly irresponsible and not repeatedly responding to
commercial or financial obligations
Adults with antisocial
personality disorder usually show symptoms of the behavioral disorder before
the age of 15 years. Symptoms of a behavioral disorder include serious and
persistent behavioral problems, such as:
•
Aggression against people and animals
•
Destruction of axes
•
Fraud
•
Theft
•
Serious violation of the rule
Although antisocial personality
disorder is considered permanent, some symptoms can be other destructive and
criminal behaviors, with time for some. But it is unclear whether this decline
is the result of aging or an increased awareness of the consequences and social
behavior.
Causes
Personality is a combination of thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that make everyone unique. It is how people see, understand, and
relate to the world around them and how they see themselves. Personality is
created in childhood, formed by the interaction of hereditary trends and
environmental factors.
The exact cause of antisocial
personality disorder is not known, but:
• Genes can put you at risk of
developing an antisocial personality disorder, and living conditions can
stimulate your development
• Changes in how brain function
can occur during brain development
Borderline Personality Disorder
BPD is characterized by instability in personal relationships,
intense emotions, low self-esteem, and bigotry. A person with borderline
personality disorder can do a lot to avoid abandonment if they make repeated
suicide attempts, display unreasonable anger, or feel a persistent sense of
emptiness.
Symptoms
A borderline personality disorder affects how you feel about
yourself, how you relate to others, and how you behave.
Signs and symptoms include:
• Intense fear of abandonment, even the use of extreme measures to
avoid real or imagined separation or rejection
• Patterns of intense and unstable relationships, such as
idealizing someone for a moment and then suddenly believing that person doesn't
care enough or is cruel.
• Rapid changes in personal identity and self-image, including changes
in your goals and values and whether you see yourself as bad or not at all
•
Stress paranoia and loss of connection to reality that lasts
from a few minutes to several hours
• Impulsive and risky behavior such as gambling, reckless driving,
unsafe sex, shopping, drug or drug abuse, or sabotaging success by abruptly
quitting a good job or ending a positive relationship.
•
Threats, suicidal behavior, or self-harm, often in response to
the fear of separation or rejection
• Major mood swings from a few hours to a few days can cause
happiness, irritability, embarrassment, or anxiety.
•
Permanent feeling of emptiness
•
Inappropriate and severe anger such as frequent loss of temper,
bitterness, or physical strife
Causes
Like other mental illnesses, the causes of behavioral disorders
are not fully understood. In addition to environmental factors, such as a
history of child abuse or neglect, border violations may be associated with:
• Genetics. Several studies of twins and family members have shown
that behavioral disorders may be linked or linked to other mental illnesses in
family members.
• Mental disability. Several studies have shown
that changes in certain areas of the brain are involved in controlling mood,
impulsivity, and aggression. In addition, some antidepressants, such as
serotonin, may not work.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
This personality disorder is characterized by a model that seeks
over-emotion and attention. People with a histrionic personality disorder may
feel uncomfortable when they are not in the center of attention. They may use
their appearance to focus on themselves, change quickly, or have exaggerated
feelings.
Symptoms
People with a histrionic
personality disorder often have excellent social skills. However, they tend to
use these skills to optimize others and to draw attention.
People with this disability can:
•
Be uncomfortable if he or she is not in the centre of attention
•
Demonstrating provocative clothing and/or inappropriate,
deceptive, or frivolous behavior
•
Move your emotions quickly
•
Plays very dramatically, with exaggerated emotions and facial
expressions, such as appearing in front of an audience, but seems to lack
integrity.
•
I am too worried about your appearance
•
Always seek the peace of mind or approval
•
Loyal and receptive to others
•
Too sensitive to criticism or disapproval
•
Has a low tolerance for frustration and gets bored easily with
routines, often starts tasks without completing them or jumps from one event to
another
•
Don't think before you act
•
Make sudden decisions
•
Be egocentric and rarely show interest in others
• They have difficulty maintaining relationships; often seem fake
or superficial in their interactions with others
•
Threatening or attempting suicide to get attention
Causes
The exact cause of histrionic personality disorder is unknown,
but many mental health professionals believe that both learned and hereditary
factors play a role in its development. For example, the tendency for a
histrionic personality disorder to run in families suggests that genetic
susceptibility to the disorder may be inherited. However, children of parents
with this disorder can only repeat learned behaviors.
Other environmental factors that
may be involved are the lack of criticism or punishment as a child, positive
reinforcement that is only provided when a child completes a certain accepted
behavior, and the unexpected attention that parents give to the child, all
leading to confusion about what kind. Behaviour is parental consent.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
NPD is the pattern of wanting respect and compassion for others.
A person with behavioral problems may have selfish thoughts, feelings of the
master, insufficient feelings, or lack of understanding.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of dementia vary depending on the
severity of the symptoms. People with problems can:
•
Self-awareness
•
Seek respect and dignity
•
Expect to be considered the best even if there is no guarantee
of completion
•
Perfect and talented
•
Confusion and thoughts about success, strength, beauty, charm,
or the perfect partner
•
Believe that they are better and can interact with special people
•
Participate in conversations that ignore or disrespect those
they think are inferior
•
Expect specialized services that will meet their expectations
•
Use others to get what they want
•
Has a disability or dissatisfaction with the needs and feelings
of others
•
Make others jealous and believe that others are jealous of them
•
Be arrogant or conceited, boastful, conceited, and joking.
•
Ask for the best possible use - for example, the best car or
company
At the same time, people with a narcissist have difficulty
dealing with everything they hate and can do the following:
•
Be patient or angry when they are not given special care
•
Have serious personal problems and are easy to think about
•
Gets angry or verbally abuses and tries to criticize others in
order to improve himself
•
Has difficulty controlling thoughts and behaviors
•
Understand the importance of learning and being attentive
•
Depression and anxiety due to poor performance
•
Self-doubt, embarrassment, disagreement, and shame
Causes
He does not know what causes
narcissistic personality disorders. As with other personal and mental
developmental disorders, it is difficult to encourage negative behaviors.
Narcissistic personality disorder can be associated with:
· Environment - Excessive praise or criticism of parent-child
relationships is not good for the child's past experiences.
·
Genetics - has similar characteristics
·
Neurobiology - the relationship between thoughts and behaviors and
feelings
Treatment
Some forms of psychiatry are very
effective in treating a person's problems. With psychotherapy, we can acquire
insights and knowledge of the problem and its causes, and we can talk about
thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. Psychotherapy can help a person understand
the effects of their behavior on others, learn to control or treat symptoms and
reduce stressful behaviors at work and in relationships. The type of treatment
depends on the individual's ailment, its severity, and the individual's
condition.
Commonly used types of
psychotherapy include:
·
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
therapy
·
Dialectical behavior
therapy
·
Cognitive-behavioral
therapy
·
Group therapy
·
Psychoeducation
(teaching the individual and family members about the illness, treatment, and
ways of coping)
There is no specialized treatment for patients. However,
medications, such as anti-anxiety, anti-anxiety, or antidepressants, can help
treat some of the symptoms. Severe or chronic symptoms may require teamwork
that includes a general practitioner, psychiatrist, psychiatrist, social
worker, and family member.
In addition to participating in health programs, some self-help
methods and anti-anxiety drugs can help people with behavioral problems.
Familiarity with the situation,
knowledge, and understanding can help provide strength and motivation.
- Active. Exercise and exercise can help
control a variety of symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and
restlessness.
- Avoid drugs and alcohol. Alcohol and
illicit drugs can make symptoms worse or interact with drugs.
- Get regular medical attention. Do not
discontinue regular or family doctor check-ups.
- Join a support group with others with
behavioral problems.
- Write in the paper to express your
feelings.
- Try to relax and manage stress like yoga
and meditation.
- Communication with family and friends;
avoid isolating yourself.
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